Astrobiology

Earth to Mars: A Protocol for Characterizing Permafrost in the Context of Climate Change as an Analog for Extraplanetary Exploration
Miner et al. – Astrobiology

Sustained wet–dry cycling on early Mars
Rapin et al. – Nature

Biology

An evolutionary timescale for Bacteria calibrated using the Great Oxidation Event
Davin et al. – preprint

Chemistry

Small-molecule autocatalysis drives compartment growth, competition and reproduction
Lu et al. – Nature Chemistry

Mathematical biology

A definition schema for life level and some associated models
Losonczi – preprint

Planetary sciences

Seafloor hydrothermal systems control long-term changes in seawater (Li + ): Evidence from fluid inclusions
Weldeghebriel et al. – Science Advances